& bitwise AND
| bitwise OR
^ bitwise XOR
~ 1’s compliment
>> right shift
<< left shift

Transistors: base resistor selection for saturation state.

• Need to know Maximum current load for the device to be turned on.
• Need to know minimum HFE for transistor.
• Divide (Maximum Current)/(Minimum HFE) to get the minimum base current
• Add 30% to the minimum base current to be sure the transistor is saturated.
• Use R = V/I to calculate base resistor.

Example: 5813

1.  Divide the number by 256 : 5813/256 =  22.70703125

The whole number is the High Byte

2.  Multiply the whole number * 256 = 22 * 256 =  5632

3.  Subtract that number from the origional for the low bit: 5813-5632 = 181 (this is the low bit)

Overflow = 256 for 8 bit, 65536 for 16bit

Delay in seconds:

Delay = ((Overflow – InitTMR)*prescalar) /(Frequency/4)

Value to put in InitTMR – delay is in Seconds

InitTMR = Overflow – ((Delay * Frequency)/(4 * Prescalar))